Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, is a common condition in older men. It means the prostate gland grows larger, but it is not cancer. Because the prostate surrounds the urethra, an enlarged prostate can press on it. As a result, this can cause problems with urination. BPH is not life-threatening, but it can affect daily life. According to the CDC, BPH affects many men as they age. Early care can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Symptoms of BPH

Many men with benign prostatic hyperplasia notice changes in how they urinate. These symptoms can be mild or severe. However, not all men with an enlarged prostate have symptoms. Common BPH symptoms include:

Frequent need to urinate, especially at night

Weak or slow urine stream

Difficulty starting urination

Feeling that the bladder is not empty

Stopping and starting while urinating

Dribbling at the end of urination

Sometimes, symptoms can get worse over time. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

BPH happens when the prostate gland grows larger. Although the exact cause is not clear, age and hormones play a big role. As men get older, changes in hormone levels can cause the prostate to grow. Several risk factors can increase the chance of developing BPH:

Age over 50 years

Family history of prostate problems

Obesity or lack of physical activity

Heart disease or diabetes

Even though these factors raise the risk, BPH can happen to any man as he ages.

Diagnosis of BPH

Doctors use several steps to find out if you have benign prostatic hyperplasia. First, they will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, a physical exam is done. Often, a digital rectal exam helps the doctor check the size of your prostate. In addition, tests may include:

Urine tests to rule out infection

Blood tests to check kidney function

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Ultrasound to see the prostate

Uroflowmetry to measure urine flow

Because other conditions can cause similar symptoms, these tests help confirm BPH. If you wonder how is BPH diagnosed, these are the main steps doctors follow.

Treatment Options

Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia depends on how severe your symptoms are. Sometimes, mild symptoms need only regular check-ups. However, if symptoms bother you, several options are available:

Medical Treatments

Alpha-blockers: These relax muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors: These shrink the prostate over time.

Combination therapy: Sometimes, doctors use both types of medicine together.

Surgical Treatments

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): Removes part of the prostate.

Laser therapy: Uses light to remove prostate tissue.

Other minimally invasive procedures: These may be options if medicines do not help.

Lifestyle Changes

Limit caffeine and alcohol, as they can worsen symptoms.

Try to urinate regularly and do not rush.

Stay active and maintain a healthy weight.

Because every person is different, your doctor will help choose the best enlarged prostate treatment for you.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot always prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia, some habits may help lower your risk. For example, staying active and eating a balanced diet can support prostate health. Here are some helpful tips:

Exercise regularly to keep a healthy weight

Eat more fruits and vegetables

Limit red meat and high-fat foods

Drink enough water, but avoid drinking late at night

Limit caffeine and alcohol

Even small changes can make a difference over time. If you have questions about prevention, ask your doctor for advice.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to see a doctor if you notice any BPH symptoms. For instance, if you have trouble urinating or see blood in your urine, seek help right away. Also, if you feel pain or cannot urinate at all, this is an emergency. Early treatment can prevent problems and improve your quality of life.

Conclusion

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in older men, but help is available. Because symptoms can affect daily life, it is important to get the right care. Consult a urologist at Star Hospital for personalized advice on BPH.